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Database management is the method for managing information that aids the organization’s business processes. It involves storing data, distributing it to applications and users and then modifying it if necessary and monitoring the changes in the data and preventing it from getting damaged due to unexpected failures. It is part of the overall infrastructure of a business that assists in decision making as well as corporate growth and compliance with laws such as the GDPR and California Consumer Privacy Act.
In the 1960s, Charles Bachman and IBM among others came up with the first database systems. They evolved into information management systems (IMS) that made it possible to store and retrieve massive amounts of data for a broad range of uses, from calculating inventory to supporting complex financial accounting and human resources functions.
A database is a set of tables that organize data according to some schema, such as one-to many relationships. It utilizes primary key to identify records and allow cross-references between tables. Each table has a collection of fields, referred to as attributes, that contain information about data entities. Relational models, which were developed by E. F. “TedCodd Codd in the 1970s at IBM and IBM, are among the most popular database type in the present. This design is based on normalizing data to make it more user-friendly. It also makes it easier to update data since it eliminates the need to change several databases.
Most DBMSs can accommodate various types of databases, by providing different levels of external and internal organization. The internal level is focused on the cost, scalability, and other operational issues, such as the physical layout of the database. The external level is the way the database is presented in user interfaces and other applications. It could include a mix of different external views (based on the various data models) and could also include virtual tables that are created from generic data to improve performance.